He did it out of pure benevolence .
She was known to all for her kindness .
I thanked them for the many kindnesses they showed me
He smiled benignly.
The commander showed mercy to the prisoners of war .
She was known as a hard woman with no compassion, no emotion.
It ' s a pity he missed the opportunity to travel abroad
I have no sympathy for beggars .
He holds a strong belief in the goodness of human nature .
I offered him my commiseration.
benevolence
kindness
benignity
mercy
compassion
pity
sympathy
goodness
commiseration
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2016-05-23
形容詞與副詞同型
形容詞與副詞同型
外表形容詞，但可做副詞
hard , early , fast , high , low , deep , near , late , long
first
外表副詞，但可做形容詞
hourly , daily , weekly , monthly , quarterly , yearly
deadly , friendly , timely , lovely , lonely , orderly ,
這些字如果字尾加了 -ly， 雖然還是副詞，但意義卻大不相同
high, near, hard, late, most
likely 很可能的
幾乎不 , 副詞 ，否定的副詞
seldom
rarely
barely
hardly
scarcely
外表形容詞，但可做副詞
hard , early , fast , high , low , deep , near , late , long
first
外表副詞，但可做形容詞
hourly , daily , weekly , monthly , quarterly , yearly
deadly , friendly , timely , lovely , lonely , orderly ,
這些字如果字尾加了 -ly， 雖然還是副詞，但意義卻大不相同
high, near, hard, late, most
likely 很可能的
幾乎不 , 副詞 ，否定的副詞
seldom
rarely
barely
hardly
scarcely
動詞後接原型動詞
ask,make, suggest , propose
recommend,move,advise
ask, require,request,demand,desire
oder,command,stipulate
insist,advise,urge
S V + (that) + S (should) + Vo
+ be Ved/en
He asked that they ( should ) be allowed to use a dictionary .
他要求准許他們用詞典。
important,vital,imperative,essential,crucial,necessary
urgent,desperate,compelling
It is adj that S + Vo
+ be Ved/en
recommend,move,advise
ask, require,request,demand,desire
oder,command,stipulate
insist,advise,urge
S V + (that) + S (should) + Vo
+ be Ved/en
He asked that they ( should ) be allowed to use a dictionary .
他要求准許他們用詞典。
important,vital,imperative,essential,crucial,necessary
urgent,desperate,compelling
It is adj that S + Vo
+ be Ved/en
grant , granted , take...for granted
grant 同意，准予
He granted me my request .
他答應了我的要求。
The firm granted him a pension .
公司同意給他一筆養老金。
granted 假定；就算
Granted that you are correct , you may find it hard to prove your point .
就算你對，可你要論證這一點卻非易事。
take...for granted 視....理所當然
Never for a moment take for granted that love would stay there for ever.
永遠都不要理所當然的認為愛會永遠存在.
Don't take for granted the passions that she has for you.
她對你的熱情別視為理所當然.
There a great many things we stand for that others take for granted.
我們堅持的許多東西在其他人看來習以為常.
There are many things I take for granted and don't even realize.
我把好多事情都想成是理所應當,甚至都意識不到我把它想成這樣.
Do not take for granted skills that you perform well as a matter of course.
忌想當然,認為你掌握的技能是理所當然.
He granted me my request .
他答應了我的要求。
The firm granted him a pension .
公司同意給他一筆養老金。
granted 假定；就算
Granted that you are correct , you may find it hard to prove your point .
就算你對，可你要論證這一點卻非易事。
take...for granted 視....理所當然
Never for a moment take for granted that love would stay there for ever.
永遠都不要理所當然的認為愛會永遠存在.
Don't take for granted the passions that she has for you.
她對你的熱情別視為理所當然.
There a great many things we stand for that others take for granted.
我們堅持的許多東西在其他人看來習以為常.
There are many things I take for granted and don't even realize.
我把好多事情都想成是理所應當,甚至都意識不到我把它想成這樣.
Do not take for granted skills that you perform well as a matter of course.
忌想當然,認為你掌握的技能是理所當然.
會議
I attended a conference on disarmament last week .
the presidential contest.
Three candidates are contesting the presidency
a Member of Congress
He was the first farm - worker to go into parliament .
Mr . White isn't here ; he ' s at a meeting
the right of assembly
The Republican national convention was held in Houston .
They will hold a council to discuss the proposal .
conference
contest
congress
Parliament
meeting
assembly
convention
council
the presidential contest.
Three candidates are contesting the presidency
a Member of Congress
He was the first farm - worker to go into parliament .
Mr . White isn't here ; he ' s at a meeting
the right of assembly
The Republican national convention was held in Houston .
They will hold a council to discuss the proposal .
conference
contest
congress
Parliament
meeting
assembly
convention
council
2016-05-15
2016-05-12
prefer rather
prefer vi 寧可，寧願
rather adv
would rather....than...
I prefer studying to sleeping.
I prefer to study rather than to sleep.
I prefer to study rather than sleep.
跟睡覺比起來，我更喜歡用功唸書。
1.（常與would或had連用）寧可，寧願；（與其……）倒不如；而不是
He would rather play than work . 他寧可玩，卻不願工作。
I ' d rather you knew that now , than afterwards .
與其以後讓你知道，不如現在就讓你知道。
I ' ll never be dependent on anyone again . I ' d rather starve .
我再也不依靠任何人了。我寧願餓死。
2.（常與or連用）更確切地說
He left late last night , or rather early this morning .
他昨夜很晚，或者應該說是今天一大早才走。
rather adv
would rather....than...
I prefer studying to sleeping.
I prefer to study rather than to sleep.
I prefer to study rather than sleep.
跟睡覺比起來，我更喜歡用功唸書。
1.（常與would或had連用）寧可，寧願；（與其……）倒不如；而不是
He would rather play than work . 他寧可玩，卻不願工作。
I ' d rather you knew that now , than afterwards .
與其以後讓你知道，不如現在就讓你知道。
I ' ll never be dependent on anyone again . I ' d rather starve .
我再也不依靠任何人了。我寧願餓死。
2.（常與or連用）更確切地說
He left late last night , or rather early this morning .
他昨夜很晚，或者應該說是今天一大早才走。
2016-05-11
since 過去式(起始時間,動作) + 現在完成式
since 自……以來，從……至今
since 過去式(起始時間,動作) + 現在完成式
It ' s been ten years since they married .
他們結婚到現在已經十年了。
She has been living a hard life since her husband died .
自從丈夫死後，她一直過著艱苦的生活。
既然；因為，由於
He must have taken the book since it isn ' t here .
他一定是把書拿走了，因為書已不在這裡了。
Since it is so hot , let ' s go swimming .
既然天氣這麼熱，我們去游泳吧。
since 過去式(起始時間,動作) + 現在完成式
It ' s been ten years since they married .
他們結婚到現在已經十年了。
She has been living a hard life since her husband died .
自從丈夫死後，她一直過著艱苦的生活。
既然；因為，由於
He must have taken the book since it isn ' t here .
他一定是把書拿走了，因為書已不在這裡了。
Since it is so hot , let ' s go swimming .
既然天氣這麼熱，我們去游泳吧。
--------------------------------------------------
for + 一段時間 , 現在完成式
Mary has watched TV for three hours.
Mary 已經看了三個鐘頭的電視了。
Have you ever been to London ? 你到過倫敦嗎？
He is one of the very best men I have ever met .
他是我遇見的最好的人之一。
-----------------------------------------------------
We toured France about three years ago .
我們大約三年前去法國遊玩過。
三年前去過法國，但不知道玩多久。(曾經)
若用 for since 就可以明顯知道玩多久
We have toured France for three years.(已經)
-----------------------------------------------------
We toured France about three years ago .
我們大約三年前去法國遊玩過。
三年前去過法國，但不知道玩多久。(曾經)
若用 for since 就可以明顯知道玩多久
We have toured France for three years.(已經)
2016-05-08
小成就才是成功之母
剛買教材時通常都很興奮
一開始都很認真的念
就像很多人剛進高中都說要考台大
卻往往不了了之
這是因為成就是靠習慣養成
而不是一時興起
大多數人往往半途而廢
這是相當可惜的
就好比煮開水一樣
開開關關的浪費許多電
水的溫度卻沒別人高
所以一開始讀就要讀到養成習慣
這大概要花1~3個月
每天都要讀
不要說自己每天一定要讀一小時之類的話
就像我當初養成慢跑的習慣
就是跟自己說每天早上六點去學校操場上
下雨天就去社區活動中心
跑多久都沒關係 就算走路也沒關係
重點是要讓自己不討厭(排斥)這件事
如果我每天限制自己一定要跑一小時
我想剛開始幾天一定沒問題 但後來會越來越難做到
而沒達成的話我會很挫折 最後就放棄了
失敗不是成功之母
小成就才是成功之母
所以我的建議是
要給自己一點彈性
如果哪天很累很懶打死都不想看(相信我一定會有)
我建議就先選一篇聽一聽就好 好讓自己順利開始
就像物體移動前的那瞬間總是需要施最多力
我的表達能力可能不是很好
總之要讓自己每天都能"開始"
至於開始多久就依照你當天狀況調整
這樣一定不會失敗
我自己高中時期停停走走
後來在重考時期檢討自己過去失敗的原因
最後如願考上台大物理
我認為每個人只要有一年的時間都能考上台大
只要使用正確的方法
然後不放棄 不中斷
而這也是最難的
訣竅就在於設立停損點
等到你養成習慣
你就會捨不得"不讀"
我自己是花兩個月 才養成讀書的習慣
前面的18年都沒這兩個月來的重要
過來人的經驗分享
我的習慣是:
找一個固定時間念英文，而這個時間精神最好，時間最充裕。
可以是早上或晚上，我喜歡早上。吃完早餐後，就去唸英文。
幾乎沒什麼事情打擾你。久而久之，一到時間就會唸英文。
但是遇到突發狀況或真的不想念英文，是可以停下來休息幾天。
但是不要太久，太久自己也會有罪惡感。想想當初為什麼買教材，
不就是要學好英文嗎?
一開始都很認真的念
就像很多人剛進高中都說要考台大
卻往往不了了之
這是因為成就是靠習慣養成
而不是一時興起
大多數人往往半途而廢
這是相當可惜的
就好比煮開水一樣
開開關關的浪費許多電
水的溫度卻沒別人高
所以一開始讀就要讀到養成習慣
這大概要花1~3個月
每天都要讀
不要說自己每天一定要讀一小時之類的話
就像我當初養成慢跑的習慣
就是跟自己說每天早上六點去學校操場上
下雨天就去社區活動中心
跑多久都沒關係 就算走路也沒關係
重點是要讓自己不討厭(排斥)這件事
如果我每天限制自己一定要跑一小時
我想剛開始幾天一定沒問題 但後來會越來越難做到
而沒達成的話我會很挫折 最後就放棄了
失敗不是成功之母
小成就才是成功之母
所以我的建議是
要給自己一點彈性
如果哪天很累很懶打死都不想看(相信我一定會有)
我建議就先選一篇聽一聽就好 好讓自己順利開始
就像物體移動前的那瞬間總是需要施最多力
我的表達能力可能不是很好
總之要讓自己每天都能"開始"
至於開始多久就依照你當天狀況調整
這樣一定不會失敗
我自己高中時期停停走走
後來在重考時期檢討自己過去失敗的原因
最後如願考上台大物理
我認為每個人只要有一年的時間都能考上台大
只要使用正確的方法
然後不放棄 不中斷
而這也是最難的
訣竅就在於設立停損點
等到你養成習慣
你就會捨不得"不讀"
我自己是花兩個月 才養成讀書的習慣
前面的18年都沒這兩個月來的重要
過來人的經驗分享
我的習慣是:
找一個固定時間念英文，而這個時間精神最好，時間最充裕。
可以是早上或晚上，我喜歡早上。吃完早餐後，就去唸英文。
幾乎沒什麼事情打擾你。久而久之，一到時間就會唸英文。
但是遇到突發狀況或真的不想念英文，是可以停下來休息幾天。
但是不要太久，太久自己也會有罪惡感。想想當初為什麼買教材，
不就是要學好英文嗎?
The Ugly Duckling Level 11
Learn English Through Story: The Ugly Duckling (Level 11)
duckling 小鴨
cluster （葡萄等的）串，（花等的）束，簇
anxiously 焦急地；擔憂地
hatch 孵出
poked poke 戳，捅
shell 殼
emerged emerge 浮現；出現 --> merge 使（公司等）合併
pecked peck 啄；啄食；啄穿；啄成
teased tease 戲弄，逗弄；取笑；欺負
caterpillar 毛蟲，蠋（蝶、蛾的幼蟲）
console 安慰，撫慰，慰問
cocoon 繭；卵袋，卵囊
come out 出現
thaw （冰，雪等）融化，融解；解凍
reflection 映象，倒影[
reunited reunite 使再結合；使再聯合；使重聚
content 滿足的，滿意的；甘願的
become 變成，成為；變得，開始變得 become became become becoming
duckling 小鴨
cluster （葡萄等的）串，（花等的）束，簇
anxiously 焦急地；擔憂地
hatch 孵出
poked poke 戳，捅
shell 殼
emerged emerge 浮現；出現 --> merge 使（公司等）合併
pecked peck 啄；啄食；啄穿；啄成
teased tease 戲弄，逗弄；取笑；欺負
caterpillar 毛蟲，蠋（蝶、蛾的幼蟲）
console 安慰，撫慰，慰問
cocoon 繭；卵袋，卵囊
come out 出現
thaw （冰，雪等）融化，融解；解凍
reflection 映象，倒影[
reunited reunite 使再結合；使再聯合；使重聚
content 滿足的，滿意的；甘願的
become 變成，成為；變得，開始變得 become became become becoming
2016-05-03
White Roses Level 0
一個喜歡彈吉他的女生。一個喜歡玫瑰的男生，
如何在偶然的機會下，遇到彼此呢??
English Stories For Learning English: White Roses
balcony 陽臺，露臺
apartment 【美】（一戶）公寓房間
elevator 【美】電梯；升降機
bunch 串，束[（+of）]
a bunch of white roses
gran 【口】祖母
corridor 走廊，迴廊，通道
Charlton
Eastfield
vase 花瓶；（裝飾用的）瓶
如何在偶然的機會下，遇到彼此呢??
English Stories For Learning English: White Roses
balcony 陽臺，露臺
apartment 【美】（一戶）公寓房間
elevator 【美】電梯；升降機
bunch 串，束[（+of）]
a bunch of white roses
gran 【口】祖母
corridor 走廊，迴廊，通道
Charlton
Eastfield
vase 花瓶；（裝飾用的）瓶
that 不可使用時機
that 不可使用時機
1. 前面有介係詞 (例外 in that 當成因為 so that 為的是; 以便 )
2. 前面有逗點
3. 先行詞是 people
of which 的使用
I saw a mountain.
我看到一座山。
The top of the mountain was completely covered in snow.
山頂覆滿白雪。
先行詞a mountain交集，應改寫為關係詞。
但是無生物的which缺乏所有格，
只能借用表示「人」的whose，成為：
I saw a mountain whose top was completely covered in snow.
又回覆到兩個名詞mountain交集的情況，所以關係代名詞仍然是which，成為：
I saw a mountain the top of which was completely covered in snow.
也可以選擇把of which移到句首，成為：
I saw a mountain of which the top was completely covered in snow.
介係詞 + which
whom
Jane came to my office on Monday at 8pm.
Monday was the day on which Jane came to my office at 8pm.
8pm was the time at which Jane came to my office on Monday.
Monday was the day on which and 8pm was the time at which Jane came to my office.
We bought a dozen eggs. We cooked five of them. The five were bad.
We bought a dozen eggs, of which five that we cooked were bad.
John arrived at South Station.
South Station was the station at which John arrived.
(ok: South Station was the station where John arrived.)
(More US-style: South Station was the station that John arrived at.)
I gave the book to John.
John was the one to whom I gave the book.
(US-style: John was the one who I gave the book to.)
I starred at the beautiful model.
The beautiful model was the one at whom I starred.
(ok: The beautiful model was the one whom I starred at.)
(US-style: The beautiful model was the one who I starred at.)
1. 前面有介係詞 (例外 in that 當成因為 so that 為的是; 以便 )
2. 前面有逗點
3. 先行詞是 people
of which 的使用
I saw a mountain.
我看到一座山。
The top of the mountain was completely covered in snow.
山頂覆滿白雪。
先行詞a mountain交集，應改寫為關係詞。
但是無生物的which缺乏所有格，
只能借用表示「人」的whose，成為：
I saw a mountain whose top was completely covered in snow.
又回覆到兩個名詞mountain交集的情況，所以關係代名詞仍然是which，成為：
I saw a mountain the top of which was completely covered in snow.
也可以選擇把of which移到句首，成為：
I saw a mountain of which the top was completely covered in snow.
介係詞 + which
whom
Jane came to my office on Monday at 8pm.
Monday was the day on which Jane came to my office at 8pm.
8pm was the time at which Jane came to my office on Monday.
Monday was the day on which and 8pm was the time at which Jane came to my office.
We bought a dozen eggs. We cooked five of them. The five were bad.
We bought a dozen eggs, of which five that we cooked were bad.
John arrived at South Station.
South Station was the station at which John arrived.
(ok: South Station was the station where John arrived.)
(More US-style: South Station was the station that John arrived at.)
I gave the book to John.
John was the one to whom I gave the book.
(US-style: John was the one who I gave the book to.)
I starred at the beautiful model.
The beautiful model was the one at whom I starred.
(ok: The beautiful model was the one whom I starred at.)
(US-style: The beautiful model was the one who I starred at.)